Discovery 3 egr valve problems - If your EGR valve is malfunctioning or just.

 
Here down below, you will find a more detailed list of the signs of a bad or failing <b>EGR</b> <b>valve</b> to look for:. . Discovery 3 egr valve problems

3) Smell of Unburnt Fuel. 00 Free. It's illegal and can lead to major fines and penalties. I believe my EGR valves are getting stuck again although I cannot confirm this until I get my Nanocom back from repairs. com Registered Joined Sep 28, 2011 29 Posts Discussion Starter · #8 · Feb 1, 2012. Common warning signs to look for are: Rough idling. A functioning EGR valve is important for performance, fuel economy, and low emissions. Common warning signs to look for are: Rough idling The engine does not kick off Stalling and hesitation of the engine The check engine light coming on Increased emission is a warning sign. If there is an EGR valve problem, the first symptom you’ll notice is a performance problem with the engine. If the module detects a problem, it will turn on the check engine light and store a corresponding diagnostic trouble code. There's your diagnosis - get yourself the BAS EGR blanking kit, save yourself a ton of cash and get some nice clean air going to your poor Disco. This Land Rover genuine EGR valve comes with all the necessary gaskets to . Mainly made of strong metal,the s. Land Rover Discovery 3 and Discovery 4 common problems explained. Symptoms of a Bad EGR Valve. Symptoms of a P245A trouble code may include: Engine may fail emissions test Ignition ping or knock on acceleration Increased fuel consumption Poor engine performance Service engine soon light illuminated Check engine. I drove down to the Cold Coast and back to Brissie last night and got 15. 0 Tdv6 EGR Valve 9X2Q9U438CA NEARSIDE #2 Be the first to write a review. Failed Emissions Test If you go for an emissions test and the vehicle fails, it could be a sign of a failing EGR temperature sensor. regards jim. Symptoms of a Bad EGR Valve. I assume the EGR is faulty, perhaps gunked up with carbon. If you cannot check on. The PCM monitors the performance of the EGR system. DISCOVERY 3 AIR SUSPENSION FAULTS · 5. Firstly, exhaust gas recirculation valves can become sticky, which will show up as the engine not performing as well as it normally has. If your vehicle has stored a code P042F, it means that the powertrain control module (PCM) has detected a problem with the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve control system. Symptoms of a bad EGR valve include: rough idling or stalling a smell of fuel increased fuel consumption pinging, tapping, or knocking sounds failed smog test Check Engine Light on Another symptom you may not see often is a misfire. This 55 plate Discovery 3 TDV6 HSE came in for a gearbox flush, whilst chatting to the owner he mentioned it felt a bit sluggish so we ran a diagnostics check and found one of the EGR valves to be faulty, quite a common problem on the Discovery 3 TDV6’s. EGR valve position bank 1 (%): EGR valve 0 command (%): EGR valve 1 command (%):. GENUINE FUEL PARTS EGR Valve for Land Rover Discovery 2. 9% of the time it is the MAP sensor, which is part of the EGR valve. When this happens the EGR valve will need to be replaced. Share a brief description of the problem and our in-house mechanic team will advise on a fix. You can expect the EGR valve to cost $150 to $400, while labor costs $75 to $400. 26 oct 2011. More likely to be caused by an oxygen sensor (or both) giving incorrect readings. Thread starter David Vinslauskas;. The best solution is to remove the. When the sensor goes bad, the Check Engine light comes on and typically sets any or all of teh following fault codes: P0171 & P0174 (lean codes), and/or P0401 (insufficient EGR flow). The EGR system does just that, it r. A “sloppy” or rough idle can be caused by one of several things. The parameters for its control are motor temperature, residual oxygen in the exhaust gas, speed and airflow. Nine out of ten times, the fault is not a bad EGR valve or a vacuum leak, but a bad DPFE sensor. This page provides a wealth of interesting information on the most common system variants and how they work. Features; Auto Repair;. While it’s pretty early on in the 3. The EGR system is responsible for reducing the nitrogen oxide emissions caused by the gas. P140A (00) - EGR sensor C. 0, usually with a MAP sensor fault. This exhaust mixes with the intake air and actually cools the combustion process. EGR Removal Blanking Plate Kit For Land Rover Discovery 3/Range Rover Sport TDV6Description:There are 4 plate and 4 o-ring in this EGR removal blanking plate kit,easy to be assembled. Here are the most common: Illuminated Check Engine Light. It is more common for this to become stuck open. The engine does not kick off. 0TDI Gone Audi A6 Allroad Sport 270 3. Remove the fastening screws and check the valve for damage, corrosion or carbon build-up. It is a common fault on these vehicles for the EGR valve to become clogged with recirculated exhaust gas carbon deposits, often substantially limiting air . If your vehicle’s EGR valve is damaged, the problem can spread to other components. Here are the most common: Illuminated Check Engine Light. Now that the EGR valve is not functioning properly, the engine is taking up more fuel than it is supposed to, which will eventually cause more hydrocarbons to leave the tailpipe. Community site dedicated to Discovery 3, 4 LR3 and LR4 Owners and Enthusiasts. P0404 EGR Open Position Performance. An open EGR valve allows exhaust gases getting into the engine but at the wrong time. Easy to fit. To reduce pressure, the computer will pump out more flow to reduce the temperature pressure in the system. To do this, you will need to use a product such as solvent, petrol, oven cleaning product, which you will leave to act. Why the problem occurs Solution. The engine does not kick off. Egr and MAP sensor are all in one, front of engine at throttle body. EGR Valve Delete/Bypass Blanking Kit for Land Rover Discovery 3, . Stop the car, turn ignition off for a few seconds - turn. 9% of the time it is the MAP sensor, which is part of the EGR valve. When the EGR valve is blocked, error codes of P1404 and P1406 may display on the engine light area. Firstly, exhaust gas recirculation valves can become sticky, which will show up as the engine not performing as well as it normally has. An EGR valve can fail when it loses vacuum, the diaphragm is perforated, it is full of gunk, or the valve gets stuck open. Request a brochure online to discover the whole range of BMW models and book a test drive. Hi, my first serious post, here it goes :) I have Land Rover Discovery 3 TDV6 HSE with EU4 engine and the guy who sold it suggested he can blank EGR. I didn't renew warranty, it was £890 for a year, so far I've covered 3 years nearly out of warranty and had £350 of work that wouldshould . 7TDV6 suffer from hesitation and a flat . Or perhaps the EGR wiring is loose? Or stuck in a wrong position?. Here are the most common: Illuminated Check Engine Light. if The Barometer inside the ECU detects any more than a relatively small differential in readings to the MAF,it sets a DTC. I have a 4L V6 Petrol D3 with 215k and I've had problems with. EGR VALVES · 4. 0l Nissan Patrol at one point and this had similar EGR issues, again there was a blanking kit you could buy, however there was quite a complex procedure to change the engine management program to accommodate the lack of EGR valve pipe to the manifold. This is a fairly straightforward fix. EGR valves are definitely handed but with the same bolthole PCD on flange to cooler. com Registered Joined Sep 28, 2011 29 Posts Discussion Starter · #8 · Feb 1, 2012. Suppose the EGR valve is always open, the quantity of air drawn decreases as a result of a high proportion of exhaust gas. EGR Valve Stuck Open. The two main possibilities are that the valve is stuck open, or that it is stuck shut. Info' window = Hand brake fault, DSC fault, suspension fault, suspension lowered, limited gears and large F displayed. This 55 plate Discovery 3 TDV6 HSE came in for a gearbox flush, whilst chatting to the owner he mentioned it felt a bit sluggish so we ran a diagnostics check and found one of the EGR valves to be faulty, quite a common problem on the Discovery 3 TDV6’s. 0ltr td 2016 the fault code that keeps coming up is p049b-00 exhaust gas recirculation - b- insufficiant flow detected. This is caused due to high combustion temperatures on overheating. You may also notice bad fuel consumption, reduced. An exhaust gas analyser would confirm this but perhaps just replace both sensors as they deteriorate with usage. Then loosen the electrical cable on the valve and remove the electrical connections and/or vacuum lines, checking for signs of damage. Your engine warranty is voided. The system is subjected to very high loads, which can cause problems, particularly on vehicles with high mileages. Mainly made of strong metal,the s. Local independent cleaned out EGR cooler filter during lockdown and it seemed to work for few months but has come back on with same code. P140A (00) - EGR sensor C. MY12 RRV 4. You might also observe black smoke coming out of the exhaust. 7TDV6 models. To reduce pressure, the computer will pump out more flow to reduce the temperature pressure in the system. Award winning new cars designed for your driving pleasure. In worst cases,. 1 HOUR FULL DETAIL EGR REPLACMENT on my Land Rover Discovery 3 TDV6, which has a faulty EGR valve on the left hand side. Here are some of the most common fixes to help clear the P0401: Check the EGR Tube It’s a good idea to check the tube going to the EGR. A EGR valve stuck in an open position creates a vacuum leak that causes inefficient combustion, A valve that’s stuck in a closed position increases nitrogen oxide emissions, which disrupt engine timing, leading to A engine knock. A sign that the EGRs were not completely seized but were locking from time to time and were no sometimes sticking open allowed exhaust gases into the engine on the power side and choking the engine. EGR valves are definitely handed but with the same bolthole PCD on flange to cooler. Tue Mar 15 2011 4:26pm. Replacing it might reduce emissions some more - but for how long before it malfunctions again?. Some repair shops will no longer work on your. An exhaust gas analyser would confirm this but perhaps just replace both sensors as they deteriorate with usage. Rough idle. if The Barometer inside the ECU detects any more than a relatively small differential in readings to the MAF,it sets a DTC. When the EGR valve fails, it can cause several noticeable symptoms. Produce LLAMS for LR/RR, Jeep GC/Dodge Ram. Egr valve, perfect to replace your old or broken car exhaust gas recirculation valve. To reduce pressure, the computer will pump out more flow to reduce the temperature pressure in the system. 0L Duramax’s production run to notice any specific engine-related problems that would call its reliability into question, we fully expect the EGR and exhaust aftertreatment systems to experience a few issues from time to time, as has become common on diesels over the past decade. Replacing the EGR valves in a Discovery 3, Discovery 4 and Range Rover Sport Britpart - Parts & Accessories for Land Rovers 10. Up until 1998, when the electronically controlled EGR valves were introduced, Honda looked at the EGR lift sensor to confirm that the valve received. This is caused due to high combustion temperatures on overheating. 11 jul 2018. October 13, 2020. In this video Martin . The best solution is to remove the EGR valve completely, this kit, supplied by JGS4x4 contains everything you need to blank off the EGR valves, safely and easily from early 2. Hi all having trouble with a discovery sport 2. This increases stress on the entire EGR system. Car & Truck EGR Parts & Valves 2009-2015 Land Rover Discovery 3. The EGR valve is a very crude device that diverts spent, hot, exhaust gases back into the inlet manifold to dilute the fresh clean combustion air. Stalling and hesitation of the engine. Then remove the side panel of said box. This is not a reason to not buy one of these excellent cars. EGR valves replaced, this now happens: within a couple of miles the dreaded fault alarm. In worst cases,. MY12 RRV 4. regards jim. If the EGR valve fails to open or close, the engine warning light will illuminate on the dashboard. I doubt the EGR can be blocked off as the MAP sensor is integrated into the EGR valve. A replacement EGR temperature sensor might cost between $200 and $300. This is a major problem on Powerstrokes built-in 2003, due to the engines undersized exhaust gas cooler. S Springerdad Registered 2019 Silverado LTZ 6. EGR Valve Stuck Closed. If this happens, you will fail. 1K views, 3 likes, 1 loves, 0 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Regal Autosport: Are you having issues with your EGR? Let's solve them!. Though the low-pressure EGR system (in conjunction with a conventional high-pressure EGR system) will improve turbocharger and engine efficiency, the system as a whole will most likely still have its fair share of EGR valve and EGR cooler ailments somewhere down the road. About a month ago it was in with a blocked dpf. 7 Tdv6 fault codes EGR Hello fellow LR owners I have the following fault codes: 1. ovalandrover said: The car is a Disco 3 With 2. 9% of the time it is the MAP sensor, which is part of the EGR valve. One of the common problems we fix with the TDV6 engine from Discovery 3, Discovery 4, and Range Rover Sport as the vehicles get older is EGR valves – Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valves. If below the minimum range there may be a harness or sensor fault or a problem with the manual transmission. A number of factory recalls in the first few years of the Disco 3’s production cycle cured some of its more worrying potential weak spots, including fuel and coolant leaks, fragile flywheels and. Fits LR3 / Discovery 3 V8 4. 0td4 | Vehicle Parts & Accessories, Car Parts & Accessories, Exhaust & Emission Systems | eBay!. With electric EGR valves, the problem could be an issue with the wiring. When the coolant passages inside your cooler leak, the coolant mixes. 2 Di-D My YouTube channel Touareg Manuals. 24/7 ⏰ online ⏩ ⏩ EGR Valve for Land Rover Discovery 3 2004-2009: ☑️ buy high quality products at affordable prices. 29 jun 2021. After long use of your vehicle’s engine, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system of your vehicle can cause carbon particles to accumulate on the internal surface of the valve passages, vacuum hose leaks, or mechanic part problems. In the case of the P042F, the valve appears (to the PCM) to be stuck in the closed position. A few of the common Discovery LR3 problems include the following: Front lower control arm issues & tie rods Thermostat (V8) Ball joints and toe links Tailgate lock mechanism. EGR valves replaced, this now happens: within a couple of miles the dreaded fault alarm. EGR valves replaced, this now happens: within a couple of miles the dreaded fault alarm. Bodsy Overdrive! Dec 15, 2012 #2. New valves will come with the actuators attached. Stop the car, turn ignition off for a few seconds - turn. The EGR valve is electronically controlled by the control unit. When your Land Rover Discovery Sport EGR valve fails, the check engine warning light will. Replacing the EGR valves in a Discovery 3, Discovery 4 and Range Rover Sport HOW TO REPLACE EGR VALVE in 80 minutes - TDV6 DISCOVERY 2. If the module detects a problem, it will turn on the check engine light and store a corresponding diagnostic trouble code (DTC) in its memory. A failed or malfunctioning EGR system can cause engine spark knock, sags or hesitation, rough idle, engine stalling and increased emissions. Click for the larger image. This basically disables the EGR valve from operating via the software to prevent any problems before they occur. The PCM monitors the performance of the EGR system. Fix your Land Rover Discovery 3 TDV6 EGR problems with an EGR delete & ECU software Regal Autosport 14. Local independent cleaned out EGR cooler filter during lockdown and it seemed to work for few months but has come back on with same code. STEP 1: CLEAN EGR VALVE. You will need to disconnect the electromagnet from the EGR valve, remove the few screws that hold it in place, and remove it. Thing is that my EGR valves are actually okay, they were working fine, just to ensure long life for my engine we decided to blank them. The designation A applies to a particular position or stage of the step-down. As the temperature in the system rises, the EGR temperature sensor sends off a signal to the engine computer. EGR valves replaced, this now happens: within a couple of miles the dreaded fault alarm. Time to do something I ordered new EGRs from the UK at a good price. The EGR valve is a component of an automobile’s exhaust circulation system that reduces pollution-causing. The check engine light coming on. Rover Discovery from breathing in its own Diesel Farts!! aka Exhaust gases!! By removing / bypass the EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION valves. 3) Smell of Unburnt Fuel. The best solution is to remove the EGR valve completely, this kit, supplied by JGS4x4 contains everything you need to blank off the EGR valves, safely and easily from early 2. If your EGR valve is malfunctioning or just. 99 postage GENUINE LAND ROVER DISCOVERY 3 4 RR SPORT 2. Stage 3 - your fluid is so contaminated, it has damaged the Torque Converter in the AutoBox. 00 Free. The EGR system is a method that has been developed by engineers to reduce emissions from engines. Once this carbon build up is excessive or if its left long enough to go hard it can get stuck on the valve stem of the EGR valve and lock it open or closed. How to identify. EGR Valve Stuck Closed. An exhaust gas analyser would confirm this but perhaps just replace both sensors as they deteriorate with usage. Cooler is always better inside your engine. As the temperature in the system rises, the EGR temperature sensor sends off a signal to the engine computer. EGR valve blanking kit for Discovery 3 & Range Rover Sport 2. When the EGR valve fails, it can cause several noticeable symptoms. P0404 Code: Exhaust Gas Recirculation Circuit Range/Performance Problem. When your Land Rover Discovery Sport EGR valve fails, the check engine warning light will. EGR expained very nicely. Discovery 4 EGR Valve And Cooler 3. The PCM monitors the performance of the EGR system. How to replace a faulty EGR valve? First remove the engine cover. Such an easy car, so simple to. 14/07/2016 SHARE: After months of research and development Avon Tuning is pleased to announce a complete EGR removal service for the Land Rover 2. stallion and bunny

EGR Removal Blanking Plate Kit For Land Rover Discovery 3/Range Rover Sport TDV6Description:There are 4 plate and 4 o-ring in this EGR removal blanking plate kit,easy to be assembled. . Discovery 3 egr valve problems

The misfire is actually caused by clogged passages in the intake manifold. . Discovery 3 egr valve problems

1K views, 3 likes, 1 loves, 0 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Regal Autosport: Are you having issues with your EGR? Let's solve them!. 0, usually with a MAP sensor fault. Stalling and hesitation of the engine. Bodsy Overdrive! Dec 15, 2012 #2. Use this garage! I've heard 600+ for a main dealer to do one valve. Put smoke tester on and no air. An open EGR valve allows exhaust gases getting into the engine but at the wrong time. It is a common fault on these vehicles for the EGR valve to become clogged with recirculated exhaust gas carbon deposits, often substantially limiting air . 0, usually with a MAP sensor fault. The EGR system does just that, it r. 17 mar 2020. Easy to fit. Solenoid valves are used to replace manual valves so they can be controlled remotely valve, according to Crane Engineering. Discovery Sport 2017 egr valve G4D3-5L200-AB 2. BRAKE DISCS AND PADS · 3. Warning Signs According To The EGR Valve’s Position. You already know that all problems occur due to two reasons – the EGR valve stuck open or it stuck. Then remove the side panel of said box. The vehicle may also stall or hesitate while accelerating. An EGR valve can fail when it loses vacuum, the diaphragm is perforated, it is full of gunk, or the valve gets stuck open. If you cannot check on. A replacement EGR temperature sensor might cost between $200 and $300. Possible Causes Excessive undetected soot in the DPF Charged air induction system leak Low pressure EGR cooler blocked / filter blocked Low pressure EGR valve mechanical integrity Low pressure EGR differential pressure sensor mechanical integrity Connector is disconnected, connector pin is backed out, connector pin corrosion. While it’s pretty early on in the 3. When your Land Rover Discovery Sport EGR valve fails, the check engine warning light will. To reduce pressure, the computer will pump out more flow to reduce the temperature pressure in the system. 28 ago 2012. This is a major problem on Powerstrokes built-in 2003, due to the engines undersized exhaust gas cooler. Step 1 Select the services your car needs Step 2 Schedule your collection & delivery Step 3 Book with confidence and pay later Try Fixter today Get an instant quote or call us on 0330 808 9527. VK2HFG and APRS W1 digi. 4 (Jag Engine),Range. 30 ene 2020. It is important to make sure your Discovery 3 or Discovery 4 is serviced properly and regularly (every 12k miles or 12 months whichever comes. The engine . 13 oct 2019. Tue Mar 15 2011 4:26pm. More likely to be caused by an oxygen sensor (or both) giving incorrect readings. 18 abr 2019. Yes unplug connector from EGR tnevs 7th June, 2016, 04:26 PM I pluged them back because then it engine light went on and then I got DTC P0405 error. A “sloppy” or rough idle can be caused by one of several things. the valve that blocks off the hot exhaust gasses from entering the engine gets stuck in the open position allowing a full boost of exhaust gas as hot as 700 degrees to flow into the intake this will fry sensors and wiring leaving you stranded normally these EGR units start messing about at around 120 000km. To reduce pressure, the computer will pump out more flow to reduce the temperature pressure in the system. They DO fail on the V6 4. Website Disco3Club Forum Discovery 3 and 4 Discussions Technical; EGR valve. If you cannot check on. Stop your Land Rover Discovery from breathing in its own Diesel Farts!! aka Exhaust gases!! By removing / bypass the EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION valves. This is a major problem on Powerstrokes built-in 2003, due to the engines undersized exhaust gas cooler. Home Land Rover Discovery 3 L319 (2005-09) EGR Valves EGR Valves EGR Valve EGR Hoses/Pipes EGR Gaskets EGR Blanking Kits Discovery 3 L319 2005-09 EGR Valves EGR Valve EGR Hoses/Pipes EGR Gaskets. Preventive actions. 7 RIGHT 5 PINS 100584 £29. You can expect the EGR valve to cost $150 to $400, while labor costs $75 to $400. One or both of the EGR valves stops working or gets carbonised so much that it is no. Symptoms of a Bad EGR Valve. When this happens the EGR valve will need to be replaced. Info' window = Hand brake fault, DSC fault, suspension fault, suspension lowered, limited gears and large F displayed. support the Right to Repair Act - http://www. The most common symptom of a bad EGR valve is a check engine light illuminated on your dashboard. Stage 2 - Get the box Megaflushed and change either the whole Radiator (About £250 for the Rad) or install a separate Autobox Oil Cooler (About £120) This will stop further contamination. Greg9504 Active Member. to resolve the common problems associated with faulty EGR valves. When the EGR valve fails, it can cause several noticeable symptoms. It is more common for this to become stuck open. Originally I gave the throttle body a good clean, which helped the idling, car continued to stall and have rough starts, so cleaned the intake system. This is not a reason to not buy one of these excellent cars. Step 3 If the engine starts but the idling is rough, erratic, or fluctuates, disconnect the electrical connector on the EGR valve while the engine is running. EGR valve fault codes: P0401 EGR System Flow Insufficient. EGR Valve Stuck Open. 13 oct 2019. EGR Removal Blanking Plate Kit For Land Rover Discovery 3/Range Rover Sport TDV6Description:There are 4 plate and 4 o-ring in this EGR removal blanking plate kit,easy to be assembled. Put smoke tester on and no air leaks found. I spoke to Landrover who thought it would be water in the fuel filter so have had a full service with the fuel filter changed but still this morning is minus 2 and it wont start. The average EGR valve replacement cost is between $225 and $800, depending on the vehicle you drive and where you take it into repairs. VK2HFG and APRS W1 digi. Let's go! The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve recirculates a portion of the exhaust gas that would normally go through your Land Rover Discovery 4/Discovery's exhaust system and mixes it in with the fresh air inside the intake manifold. I drove down to the Cold Coast and back to Brissie last night and got 15. Bodsy Overdrive! Dec 15, 2012 #2. 0 Tdv6 EGR Valve 9X2Q9U438CA NEARSIDE #2 Be the first to write a review. Up until 1998, when the electronically controlled EGR valves were introduced, Honda looked at the EGR lift sensor to confirm that the valve received. Greg9504 Active Member. If this happens, you will fail. Orange hand brake light, orange warning triangle light, orange suspension light. Produce LLAMS for LR/RR, Jeep GC/Dodge Ram. 7 TDV6 EGR Valves (Pair) - new in box - sealed £50. How to identify. Put smoke tester on and no air. 0ltr td 2016 the fault code that keeps coming up is p049b-00 exhaust gas recirculation - b- insufficiant flow detected. GENUINE FUEL PARTS EGR Valve for Land Rover Discovery 2. Really bad gas mileage. A malfunctioning sensor can give off false readings or fail completely. Buy Land Rover Discovery EGR Valves and get the best deals at the lowest prices on eBay!. 7 TDV6. EGR Valve Stuck Open. Here are the most common: Illuminated Check Engine Light. 18 abr 2019. Valves and the coolers are not interchangeable although the electrical drive unit is. Symptoms of a bad EGR valve include: rough idling or stalling a smell of fuel increased fuel consumption pinging, tapping, or knocking sounds failed smog test Check Engine Light on Another symptom you may not see often is a misfire. This happens when the EGR valve stays stuck open, causing the exhaust gas to flow continuously into the exhaust manifold. Overheating will cause valves to stick open. Discovery 4 EGR Valve And Cooler 3. 13 oct 2019. In worst cases,. 18 abr 2019. Start your engine. . adlut friend finder, jw org online, abandoned baby monkeys, real daughter father porn, erottic monkey, ac cobra aluminium body for sale, where is maurielle lue fox 2 news, omnipod 5 controller case, craigslist dubuque iowa cars, best south indian movies dubbed in hindi on youtube 2020, deeptroath porn, if you get fired from a city job can you apply again co8rr